DNS stands for Domain Name System. This is the whole system of naming websites that allows your web browser to take something like site.com and find it easily. DNS servers can be any computer system or server that runs software that allows access to the Internet, and is assigned an IP (Internet Protocol) address. There are main DNS servers that contain all of the DNS and IP information. These make up the top level of the system while the lower levels branch out and contain all Internet service provider's servers and server farms used by large companies, all of which contain various DNS addresses and IP addresses.
If you are planning on getting a domain name for your site, you really don't have to know any of this information. You don't need to know what a DNS address is, what your computer's IP address is or any other similar facts. But understanding how it all works can help you if you have technical problems. At the very least, you'll have some understanding of what an IT technician might tell you when troubleshooting.
Understanding in general how DNS addresses work can also help when troubleshooting your home computer. Sometimes the browser will refuse to bring up certain websites or any websites and it's a DNS address problem within your own system. Your browser is actually working as what's known as a DNS resolver or DNS client when you use it to surf the Internet. It sends a request to the server owned by your Internet service provider to bring up a certain site and your ISP then sends that information back to you.
If your ISP isn't directly connected to the site you are trying to reach, such as a site that hosted somewhere else, it then becomes a DNS resolver which sends the request to another server to bring the information back. When you type information into your browser with words like the site.com, it turns that into the numerical IP address of the site and makes requests based on that number.
The website that you create with your domain name will have an IP address that DNS servers and clients use to allow people to view your site. If you are browsing and you're having trouble bringing up certain sites, your Internet service provider can help you by giving you the IP addresses of your DNS server so you can make sure your browser is configured properly.
The DNS name is essentially the name you type in to get a website. The DNS system is what makes using that name possible so that we don't have to type in each website's IP number to access it. It's one of those little things that you don't really need to know about, but that makes using the Internet possible for people without any technical knowledge.
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